Linuxϵͳ»
ҪִСд 
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uname ʾ汾Ϣͬwin2K ver 
dir ʾǰĿ¼ļ,ls -al ʾļͬwin2K dir 
pwd ѯǰڵĿ¼λ 
cd cd..صһĿ¼עcd ..֮пոcd/صĿ¼ 
cat ļ 鿴ļ 
cat >abc.txt abc.txtļдݡ 
more ļ һҳһҳķʽʾһıļ 
cp ļ 
mv ƶļ 
rm ļ ɾļrm -a Ŀ¼ɾĿ¼Ŀ¼ 
mkdir Ŀ¼ Ŀ¼ 
rmdir ɾĿ¼Ŀ¼ûĵ 
chmod 趨Ŀ¼ĴȡȨ 
grep ڵвַ 
diff ļȽ 
find Ѱ 
date ڵڡʱ 
who ѯĿǰʹͬһ̨ԼLoginʱص 
w ѯĿǰϻߵϸ 
whoami 鿴Լʺ 
groups 鿴ĳ˵Group 
passwd  
history 鿴Լ¹ 
ps ʾ״̬ 
kill ֹͣĳ 
gcc ڿͨCдļ 
su ȨתΪָʹ 
telnet IP telnetӶԷͬwin2Kbash$ʱ˵ӳɹ 
ftp ftpĳͬwin2K 
  ͬLinuxаһLinuxа汾ٵҲ200߰ѱȽҪʹƵϵͳе÷ֳһһܡ 


             
            װ͵¼loginshutdownhaltrebootinstallmountumountchshexitlast 


             ļfilemkdirgrepddfindmvlsdiffcatln 

             ϵͳdftopfreequotaatlpaddusergroupaddkillcrontab 

             
            ifconfigippingnetstattelnetftprouterloginrcpfingermail 
            nslookup 

             ϵͳȫpasswdsuumaskchgrpchmodchownchattrsudo pswho 

             tarunzipgunzipunarjmtoolsmanunendcodeuudecode 

            Mandrake Linux 9.1(Kenrel 2.4.21)ΪLinuxµİװ͵¼ 

            login 

            1. 

            loginǵ¼ϵͳʹȨû 

            2.ʽ 

            login [name][p ][h ] 

            3.Ҫ 

            p:֪ͨloginڵĻ 

            h:Զ̵¼֮䴫û 

            ѡģʽ¼LinuxĻôĵһLinuxlogin 

            һģ 

            Manddrake Linux release 9.1(Bamboo) for i586 
            renrel 2.4.210.13mdk on i686 / tty1 
            localhost login:root 
            password: 

            УһLinuxа汾ţڶں˰汾ź͵¼̨ڵ¼EnterPassword˻룬ɵ¼ϵͳڰȫǣ˻ʱַĻϻԣҲƶ 


            ¼ῴ棨ԳûΪ 

            [root@localhost root]# 
            last login:Tue ,Nov 18 10:00:55 on vc/1 

            ʾǵ¼ڡ¡աʱʹǫ̃ 

            4.Ӧü 

            LinuxһĶûϵͳͬʱܶû¼һûжε¼ΪLinux汾Unixһṩ̨ķʷʽûͬһʱӿ̨ϵͳĿ̨ϵͳֱļͼ̣жε¼ÿ̨ԿһĹվ̨֮л̨лͨAltһܼʵ֣ͨʹF1-F6 
             

            磬û¼󣬰һ¡Alt+F2ûͿԿֵġlogin:ʾ˵û˵ڶ̨Ȼֻ谴Alt+ 
            F1ͿԻصһ̨һ°װLinuxϵͳûʹáAlt+F1Alt+F6ǰ̨̨õǣһϵͳʱл̨ر 


            shutdown 

            1. 

            shutdownǹرռʹȨǳû 

            2.ʽ 

            shutdown [h][i][k][m][t] 

            3.Ҫ 

            tڸı䵽м֮ǰinitԺػ 

            kػֻ;źŸÿλ¼ߡ 

            hػرյԴ 

            ccancel current 
            processȡĿǰִеĹػѡȻûʱǿһ͵ѶϢϢ͵ÿλʹߡ 

            Fʱǿfsck 

            time趨ػǰʱ䡣 

            m: ϵͳΪûģʽ 

            iػʱʾϵͳϢ 

            4.˵ 

            shutdown԰ȫؽϵͳػЩûʹֱӶϵԴķʽرLinuxϵͳʮΣյġΪLinuxWindowṣ̨ͬǿƹػܻᵼ½̵ݶʧʹϵͳڲȶ״̬еϵͳлӲ豸Ӳ̣ϵͳػǰʹ 
            shutdownϵͳԱ֪ͨе¼ûϵͳҪرգloginָᱻᣬµûٵ¼ 

            halt 

            1. 

            haltǹرϵͳʹȨǳû 

            2.ʽ 

            halt [n] [w] [d] [f] [i] [p] 

            3.Ҫ˵ 

            nֹsyncϵͳãfsck޲ֹ֮ںϰ汾ĳ鸲޲ĳ顣 

            wػ,ֻдwtmp/var/log/wtmp¼ 

            fûеshutdownǿƹػ 

            iػǰصеӿڡ 

            fǿȹػshutdownָ 

            p: ػʱ˳رյԴĶ 

            dرϵͳ¼¼ 

            4.˵ 

            haltǵshutdown 
            hhaltִʱɱӦỵִ́sync(bufferеǿдӲ)ϵͳãļϵͳдɺͻֹͣںˡϵͳмΪ06رϵͳshutdownָϣhȡ 


            reboot 

            1. 

            rebootʹȨϵͳߡ 

            2.ʽ 

            reboot [n] [w] [d] [f] [i] 

            3.Ҫ 

            n: ؿǰдӲ̵Ķ 

            w: ؿֻǰѼ¼д/var/log/wtmpļ 

            d: Ѽ¼д/var/log/wtmpļnˣd 

            i: ؿ֮ǰȰصװֹͣ 

            install 

            1. 

            installǰװ򱸷ݣʹȨû 

            2.ʽ 

            (1)install [ѡ]... Դ Ŀĵ 

            (2)install [ѡ]... Դ... Ŀ¼ 

            (3)install d [ѡ]... Ŀ¼... 

            ǰָʽУὫ <Դ> <Ŀĵ>򽫶 <Դ>ļѴڵ 
            <Ŀ¼>ͬʱ趨Ȩģʽ/顣ڵָʽУᴴָĿ¼ǵĿ¼ѡõĲʹöѡʱҲǱġ 


            3.Ҫ 

            backup[=CONTROL]ΪÿѴڵĿĵļбݡ 

            b backupκβ 

            c(ѡ) 

            ddirectoryвΪĿ¼һᴴָĿ¼Ŀ¼ 

            D <Ŀĵ>ǰĿ¼Ȼ <Դ> <Ŀĵ>ڵһʹøʽá 

            ggroup=飺趨飬ǽĿǰ顣 

            mmode=ģʽ趨Ȩģʽ (chmod)rwxrxrx 

            oowner=ߣ趨 (ֻڳû) 

            ppreservetimestamps <Դ>ļķ/޸ʱΪӦĿĵļʱԡ 

            sstripstripɾsymbol tableֻڵһڶʹøʽ 

            Ssuffix=׺ָļ <׺> 

            vverboseÿļ/Ŀ¼ʱӡơ 

            helpʾ˰Ϣ뿪 

            versionʾ汾Ϣ뿪 

            mount 

            1. 

            mountǼļϵͳȨǳû/etc/fstabʹߡ 

            2.ʽ 

            mount a [fv] [t vfstype] [n] [rw] [F] device dir 

            3.Ҫ 

            hʾϢ 

            vʾϢͨͣf 

            a/etc/fstabжļϵͳϡ 

            FͨͣaһʹãΪÿһmountĶһг̸ִСϵͳҪϴNFSļϵͳʱԼӿصٶȡ 


            fͨڳʹmountִʵʹϵĶģϵḶ́ͨͣvһʹá 

            t vfstypeʾļϵͳ͡ 

            nһԣmountϺ/etc/mtabдһϣϵͳûпдļϵͳ£ѡȡ 

            4.Ӧü 

            LinuxUnixϵͳϣļΪһ/ΪһַʵġҪCD-ROMϵļҪCD-ROM豸װļеĳװ㡣а氲װԶװôԶСLinuxУҪʹӲ̡ȴ豸͵Ƚأ豸֮󣬾Ϳ԰һĿ¼ʡһ豸ʹmountʹmountָʱҪ֪ϢҪضļϵͳ͡Ҫض豸ƼҪ豸صĸĿ¼¡ 


            1Linuxʶļϵͳ 

             Windows 95/98õFAT 32ļϵͳvfat  

             Win NT/2000 ļϵͳntfs  

             OS/2õļϵͳhpfs 

             Linuxõļϵͳext2ext3 

             CD-ROMõļϵͳiso9660 

            ȻvfatָFAT 32ϵͳʵҲFAT 16ļϵͳ͡ 

            2ȷ豸 

            LinuxУ豸ͨ/devЩ豸Ƶйģáķʽ豸ҳ磬/dev/hda1 
            IDE豸hdHard Disk(Ӳ)ģsdSCSI DevicefdFloppy Device(Floppy 
            Disk?)aһ豸ͨIDEӿڿԽ4IDE豸(4Ӳ)ҪʶIDEӲ̵ķֱhdahdbhdc 
            hddhda1еġ1hdaĵһӲ̷ 
            (partition)hda2hdaĵڶһ߼hda5ʼơ⣬ֱӼ/var/log/messagesļڸļпҵϵͳѱϳ豸š 


            3ҹҽӵ 

            ھ豸ҽ֮ǰҪ鿴һ¼ǲи/mntĿĿ¼Ŀ¼רص(Mount 
            Point)Ŀ¼/mntｨ/mnt/cdrom/mnt/floppy/mnt/moĿ¼Ŀ¼רùص㡣ԣҪ5豸ִָ 
            (趼Linuxext2ϵͳWindows XX뽫ext2ĳvfat) 

             ===>mount t ext2 /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy 
            cdrom ===>mount t iso9660 /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrom 
            SCSI cdrom ===>mount t iso9660 /dev/sdb /mnt/scdrom 
            SCSI cdr ===>mount t iso9660 /dev/sdc /mnt/scdr 

            ĿǰµLinuxа汾 LinuxLinuxMandrake 
            LinuxȣԶװļϵͳRed Hat Linux⡣ 

            umount 

            1. 

            umountжһļϵͳʹȨǳû/etc/fstabʹߡ 

            2.ʽ 

            unmount a [fFnrsvw] [t vfstype] [n] [rw] [F] device dir 

            3.ʹ˵ 

            umountmountĲʹ÷mountһġLinuxװCD-ROM󣬻CDROMͲCD-ROMϵEjectťǣҪʱѽ/cdromΪӣʹumount/cdromжװûʹùʱŻɹ˽еǰĿ¼ùеĿ¼ն˴ڡ 


            chsh 

            1. 

            chshǸʹshell趨ʹȨʹߡ 

            2.ʽ 

            chsh [ s ] [ list] [ help ] [ v ] [ username ] 

            3.Ҫ 

            lʾϵͳShell͡ 

            vʾShell汾š 

            4.Ӧü 

            ǰLinuxжShellһȱʡBashShellͿʹchsh˻룬ȻShellͣȷϵͳʾShell 
            changeһ£ 

            Changing fihanging shell for cao 
            Password: 
            New shell [/bin/bash]: /bin/tcsh 

            У[ 
            ]ĿǰʹõShellͨûֻ޸ԼShellû޸ȫûShellҪѯϵͳṩЩShellʹchsh 
            -l ͼ1ʾ 

            ͼ1 ϵͳʹõShell 

            ͼ1пԿϵͳпʹõShellbashȱʡcshshtcsh֡ 

            exit 

            1. 

            exit˳ϵͳʹȨû 

            2.ʽ 

            exit 

            3. 

            exitûвк˳ϵͳ¼档 

            last 

            1. 

            lastʾûն˵ĵ¼ʹȨûͨlast鿴ólogԱԻ֪˭ͼϵͳ 


            2.ʽ 

            1ast[n][f file][t tty] [h ڵ][I IP][1][y][1D] 

            3.Ҫ 

            nָ¼ 

            f fileָļfileΪѯõlogļ 

            t ttyֻʾָ̨ϵ¼ 

            h ڵ㣺ֻʾָĽڵϵĵ¼ 

            i IPֻʾָIPϵ¼ 

            1IPʾԶ˵ַ 

            yʾ¼ꡢ¡ա 

            ID֪ѯû 

            x:ʾϵͳرաû¼˳ʷ 
